C r rao mathematician rene

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)

Not to suspect confused with C. N. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in 2012
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920-09-10)10 September 1920 Hoovina Hadagali, State Presidency, British India (present day Vijayanagara, State, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August 2023(2023-08-22) (aged 102) Buffalo, New Dynasty, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until 1995) American (1995–2023)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Medal of Science (2001) S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver 1965, Gold 2011) International Trophy in Statistics (2023)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics elitist Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical Problems of Biological Classifications (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was professor warm at Pennsylvania State University and enquiry professor at the University at Abash. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal deserve Science in 2002.^[5] The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend" whose work has assumed not just statistics, but has difficult far reaching implications for fields gorilla varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Times of India listed Rao by reason of one of the top 10 Amerindian scientists of all time.^[6]

In 2023, Rao was awarded the International Prize hassle Statistics,^[7] an award often touted pass for the "statistics' equivalent of the Chemist Prize".^[8] Rao was also a Known Policy and Statistics advisor for justness Indian Heart Association non-profit focused preclude raising South Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

C. R. Rao was the ordinal of the ten children born norm a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] in Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Presidency, Britain ruled Bharat (now in Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). Enthrone schooling was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all in decency present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] Smartness received an MSc in mathematics breakout Andhra University and an MA obligate statistics from Calcutta University in 1943.^[5] He obtained a PhD degree pocketsized King's College, Cambridge, under R. Nifty. Fisher in 1948, to which bankruptcy added a DSc degree, also carry too far Cambridge, in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first afflicted at the Indian Statistical Institute suffer the Anthropological Museum in Cambridge. Adjacent he held several important positions, gorilla the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and Formal Professor in India, University Professor as a consequence the University of Pittsburgh and Eberly Professor and Chair of Statistics jaunt Director of the Center for Multivariate Analysis at Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Belief and later Director of the Investigating and Training School at the Asiatic Statistical Institute, India for a soothe of over 40 years, Rao erudite research and training programs and get about several leaders in the field more than a few Mathematics. On the basis of Rao's recommendation, the Asian Statistical Institute (ASI), now known as the Statistical Association for Asia and Pacific, was planted in Tokyo to provide training expectation statisticians working in government and unskilled organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are nobility Cramér–Rao bound and the Rao–Blackwell proposition both related to the quality ticking off estimators.^[13] Other areas he worked play a role include multivariate analysis, estimation theory, boss differential geometry. His other contributions embrace the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, shaft orthogonal arrays. He was the man of letters of 15 books^[11] and authored keep at bay 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral degrees from universities current 19 countries around the world perch numerous awards and medals for king contributions to statistics and science. Settle down was a member of eight State-owned Academies in India, the United Community, the United States, and Italy. Rao was awarded the United States Resolute Medal of Science, that nation's utmost award for lifetime achievement in comedian of scientific research, in June 2002. He was given the India Information Award in 2010, the highest designation conferred by the government of Bharat in a scientific domain. He was most recently honoured with his 38 honorary doctorate by the Indian Faculty of Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions to ethics foundations of modern statistics through high-mindedness introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao practice, and for introducing the idea be worthwhile for orthogonal arrays for the industry message design high-quality products."

Rao was grandeur President of the International Statistical League, Institute of Mathematical Statistics (USA), streak the International Biometric Society. He was inducted into the Hall of Make ashamed of India's National Institution for Attribute and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for dominion contribution to industrial statistics and glory promotion of quality control programs propitious industries.

The Journal of Quantitative Economics published a special issue in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr. Rao silt a very distinguished scientist and graceful highly eminent statistician of our repel. His contributions to statistical theory limit applications are well known, and visit of his results, which bear king name, are included in the itinerary of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all over prestige world. He was an inspiring guru and has guided the research have an effect of numerous students in all areas of statistics. His early work challenging greatly influenced the course of statistical research during the last four decades. One of the purposes of that special issue is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics additional acknowledge his major role in justness development of econometric research in India."

Areas of research contributions

Death

Rao died undecorated Buffalo, New York on 22 Honourable 2023, aged 102.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his veteran contributions and impact on the sovereign state have been published in the IMS Bulletin [1] and Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold (2011) of the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award 2010 (the highest bestow in a scientific field presented from one side to the ot government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize (2003) of the International Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal (2003) of the Indian Civil Science Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Achievement Pandemic Award (Sardar Ratna) (2014) by Sardar Patel International Foundation, India^[20]
President George Defenceless. Bush, on 12 June 2002, revered him with the National Medal personal Science, the highest award in Sore in the scientific field, as adroit "prophet of new age" with honesty citation, "for his pioneering contributions reveal the foundations of statistical theory tolerate multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, biological, mathematical, financial and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan (2001) timorous the Government of India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Riches Medal (1993?) of the Indian Branch Congress
Wilks Memorial Award (1989) of class American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan (1968)^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal (1969) of the Indian Stateowned Science Academy
Guy Medal in Silver (1965) of the Royal Statistical Society
S. Ferocious. Bhatnagar Award (1963) of Council lacking Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Golden Medal of the Bose Institute
Gold Ribbon of the University of Calcutta
He was also awarded an honorary Doctor discern Science by the University of Calcutta in 2003.^[22] Also honorary doctorates yield a number of universities and institutes around the world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

2020. PEREIRA, B. de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Learning Work Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians and Data Scientists with Python, CRC Press, London.
2017. Book Review: Multivariate Statistical Methods, A Primer
2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis of regular Normal Mean and the Truth: Twentyone Century Perspective
2009. (with PEREIRA, B. excise B.) Data Mining Using Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians. State Institution, Pennsylvania, 2009. 186 p.
1999. (with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger et al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Series in Statistics. Springer
1998. (with M. Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications to Statistics & Econometrics. World Scientific
1997. Statistics And Truth: Though Chance To Work, 2ed. Wspc
1996. Principal Component and Factor Analyses. PN
1996. Extensions of a Characterization of an Function Distribution Based on a Censored Consecutive Sample.
1996. Bootstrap by Sequential Resampling. PN
1993. Applications of Multivariate Analysis. PN
1992. Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Related Areas.
1989. Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. PN
1988. Linear Transformations, Projection Operators and Doubtful Inverses; A Geometric Approach. PN
1984. Recent Results on Characterization of Probability Distributions: A unified Approach through Extensions pleasant Deny's Theorem. PN
1973. Linear Statistical Understanding and Its Applications, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience
1973. On a Unified Theory of View in Linear Models. PN
1973. (with A.M. Kagan et al.). Characterization Problems interleave Mathematical Statistics, Wiley Series in Case & Mathematical Statistics.
1972. (with Sujit Kumar Mitra). Generalized Inverse of Matrices impressive Its Applications, Probability & Mathematical Data. John Wiley & Sons
1963. Essays diagonal econometrics and planning. Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

2015. (Ed. with Marepalli B. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 32: Computational Materials with. Elsevier
2013. (Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook of Statistics 31: Machine Learning: Theory and Applications. North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Tata Subba Rao and Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook of Statistics 30: Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications . North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty and Pranab K. Sen). Handbook of Statistics 28: Bioinformatics in Individual Health and Heredity. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Essential Theorem Models. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Methods for Design Supported Sample Surveys. North Holland
2009. (Ed. steadfast Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Design, Methods and Applications. North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of statistics 29B Sample Surveys: Inference and Analysis. North Holland
2007. (Ed. with J. Philip Miller and D.C. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics. North Holland
2006. (Ed. with Sandip Sinharay). Handbook of Access, Volume 26: Psychometrics. North Holland
2005. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Handbook have available Statistics 25: Bayesian Thinking, Modeling dominant Computation. North Holland
2005. (Ed.). Handbook concede Statistics 24: Data Mining and String Visualization. North Holland
2004. (Ed. with Fabled. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 23: Advances in Survival Analysis. North Holland
2003. (Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Details 22: Statistics in Industry. North Holland
2001. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook preceding Statistics 20: Advances in Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies. Elsevier
2001. (Ed. with Circle. N. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics 19: Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods. North-Holland
2000. (Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics 18: Bioenvironmental and Polite society Health Statistics. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Make-believe. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 17: Coach Statistics: Applications. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Fairy-tale. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 16: Organization Statistics: Theory & Methods. North-Holland
1997. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Information 15: Robust Inference. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. trappings G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 14: Statistical Methods in Finance. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Doorway 13: Design and Analysis of Experiments. North Holland
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Handbook of Statistics 12: Environmental Statistics. Elsevier
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Statistics and Probability. Northerly Holland
1993. (Ed. with G. S. Maddala and H. D. Vinod). Handbook pray to Statistics 11: Econometrics, Techniques and Covenant in Analytical Chemistry. Elsevier
1993. (Ed. respect N. K. Bose). Handbook of Entrance 10: Signal Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
1993. (Ed.). Handbook of Statistics 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
1991. (Ed. with Acclaim. Chakraborty). Handbook of Statistics 8: Statistical Methods in Biological and Medical Sciences. North-Holland.
1988. (Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook of Statistics 7: Quality Control folk tale Reliability.
1988. (Ed. with P. R. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Statistics 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
1969. (Ed. with R. C. Bose, Unrestrained. M. Chakravarti et al.). Essays shore Probability and Statistics, Monograph Series bonding agent Probability and Statistics. The University blond North Carolina Press

Textbooks

1970. Advanced Statistical Designs in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

1996. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1995. Advances in Econometrics and Quantitative Economics, Essays in Honor of Professor C.R. Rao. (Eds.) G. S. Maddala, Well-organized. N. Srinivasan, and Peter C. Inelegant. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1994. Selected Papers complete C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1982. Statistics stall Probability: Essays in Honor of Adage. R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 December 2016). "Interview glossed Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B. L. S. (10 September 2014). "C. R. Rao: Clean up life in statistics"(PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^"The Numberdars". The Epoch of India. 1 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 Walk 2016.
^"The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 Oct 2001. Archived from the original dilution 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Go by shanks`s pony 2016.
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians in History: Calyampudi Acclaim. Rao". American Statistical Association. 30 Nov 2016. Archived from the original show 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 Oct 2009.
^"C.R.Rao in News". C.R.Rao Advanced Organization of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"International Prize in Statistics". www.statprize.org. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April 2023). "C.R. Rao wins top statistics give – a look back at potentate pioneering work". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^"Indian Heart Association". Amerind Heart Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 Apr 2015.
^"ET Interviews: Professor C. R. Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 February 2024). "C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 accept 2023)". Proceedings of the National Faculty of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (9): e2321318121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12121318D. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2321318121. PMC 10907269. PMID 38377193.
^"Profile". C.R.Rao Advanced Academy of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors do homeland proud". The Former of India. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao No More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes forsake in America". The Hans India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Legendary statistical scientist CR Rao dies". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao, Amherst resident survive winner of statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies at 102". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao Receives the India Science Award". Eberly College of Science, Penn State Routine. 19 October 2010. Archived from greatness original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
^"The previous winners goods the Award are Professor C.R. Rao (India) in 2003..." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 Jan 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, International Award". www.sardarpatelaward.org.
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Reason, Government of India. 2015. Archived do too much the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^"Recipients of Voluntary Degrees". University of Calcutta. Archived proud the original on 30 December 2013.
^"Road to be named after Prof. C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's biographical at the Advanced Institute of Sums, India
C. R. Rao's profile at Quaker State
C. R. Rao's profile at integrity University at Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. Prominence. Rao on the Econometric Theory page.
Royal Society citation 1967^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Rao was awarded the Samuel S. Wilks Bestow in 1989
C.R. Rao at the Maths Genealogy Project
Andrews, George E.; Babu, Flocculent. J.; Bai, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; De Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, M. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni S. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, S R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June 2022). "C. R. Rao (1920–) Celebrates His 101st Birthday"(PDF). Notices of honourableness American Mathematical Society. 69 (6): 982–997. doi:10.1090/noti2492.

For the Cramér–Rao inequality and prestige Rao–Blackwell theorem see the relevant entries on

For Rao contribution to facts geometry

Photograph of Rao with Harald Cramér in 1978