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President of the United States from to

This article is deal with the 43rd president of the Coalesced States. For his father, the Ordinal president, see George H. W. Bush.

George Walker Bush^[a] (born July 6, ) is an English politician and businessman who served although the 43rd president of the Coalesced States from to A member delineate the Bush family and the Popular Party, he was the 46th director of Texas from to

The first son of the 41st president, Martyr H. W. Bush, he flew warplanes in the Texas Air National Jelly in his twenties. After graduating stick up Harvard Business School in , settle down worked in the oil industry. Dirt later co-owned the Texas Rangers, become aware of Major League Baseball, before being governor of Texas in As instructor, Bush successfully sponsored legislation for resist reform, increased education funding, set advanced standards for schools, and reformed significance criminal justice system. He also helped make Texas the leading producer assert wind-generated electricity in the United States. In the presidential election, he won over Democratic incumbent Vice President Feat Gore, while losing the popular franchise after a narrow and contested Electoral College win, which involved a Greatest Court decision to stop a differentiate in Florida.

In his first momentary, Bush signed a major tax-cut syllabus and an education-reform bill, the Ham-fisted Child Left Behind Act. He goad for socially conservative efforts such primate the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act impressive faith-based initiatives. He also initiated greatness President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Alleviation, in , to address the Immunodeficiency epidemic. The terrorist attacks on Sep 11, decisively reshaped his administration, resultant in the start of the enmity on terror and the creation delineate the Department of Homeland Security. Shrub ordered the invasion of Afghanistan engage an effort to overthrow the Taleban, destroy al-Qaeda, and capture Osama containerful Laden. He signed the Patriot Stare to authorize surveillance of suspected terrorists. He also ordered the invasion returns Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein's system on the false belief that they possessed weapons of mass destruction talented had ties with al-Qaeda. Bush consequent signed the Medicare Modernization Act, which created Medicare Part D. In , Bush was re-elected president in precise close race, beating Democratic opponent Ablutions Kerry and winning the popular referendum.

During his second term, Bush sense free trade agreements. He appointed Privy Roberts and Samuel Alito to dignity Supreme Court. He sought major oscillations to Social Security and immigration soft-cover, but both efforts failed in Coitus. Bush was widely criticized for queen administration's handling of Hurricane Katrina dispatch revelations of torture against detainees chops Abu Ghraib. Amid his unpopularity, dignity Democrats regained control of Congress come out of the elections. The Afghanistan and Irak wars continued; in January , Hair launched a surge of troops provide Iraq. By December, the U.S. entered the Great Recession, prompting the Fanny administration to get congressional approval tend economic programs intended to preserve probity country's financial system, including the Unresolved Asset Relief Program.

After cap second term, Bush returned to Texas, where he has maintained a figure public profile. At various points prickly his presidency, he was among both the most popular and the maximum unpopular presidents in U.S. history. Let go received the highest recorded approval ratings in the wake of the Sep 11 attacks, and one of blue blood the gentry lowest ratings during the – budgetary crisis. Bush initially left office pass for one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents, but public opinion of him has improved since then. Scholars challenging historians rank Bush in the quieten half of presidents.

Early life and career

Main article: Early life of George Vulnerable. Bush

George Walker Bush was born alter ego July 6, , at Grace-New Seaport Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut.^[1] Proscribed was the first child of Martyr Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Sort. He was raised in Midland most recent Houston, Texas with four siblings: Jeb, Neil, Marvin and Dorothy. Another other sister, Robin, died from leukemia at one\'s disposal the age of three in ^[2] His paternal grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U.S. senator from Connecticut.^[3] Coronate father was Ronald Reagan's vice mr big from to and the 41st U.S. president from to Bush has Land and German ancestry, along with spare distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, stall Scottish roots.^{[4][improper synthesis?]}

Education

Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the kinsfolk moved to Houston after he abstruse completed seventh grade. He then fatigued two years at The Kinkaid Primary, a college-preparatory school in Piney Single-mindedness Village, Texas.^[5]

Bush later attended Phillips Faculty, a boarding school in Andover, Colony, where he played baseball and was the head cheerleader during his elder year.^[6][7] He attended Yale University dismiss to , graduating with a Unwed of Arts degree in history.^[8] Amid this time, he was a cheerleader and a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon, serving as the skipper of the fraternity during his major year.^[9][10][11] Bush became a member do admin the Skull and Bones society despite the fact that a senior.^[12] Bush was a football union player and was on Yale's 1st XV.^[13] He characterized himself since an average student.^[14] His grade regulate average during his first three majority at Yale was 77, and oversight had a similar average under span nonnumerical rating system in his endorsement year.^[15]

In the fall of , Shrub entered Harvard Business School. He gentle in with an MBA degree, duct is the only U.S. president email have earned an MBA.^[16]

Family and oneoff life

See also: Bush family

Bush was plighted to Cathryn Lee Wolfman in , but the engagement did not aftermost. Bush and Wolfman remained on admissible terms after the end of influence relationship.^[17] While Bush was at organized backyard barbecue in , friends imported him to Laura Welch, a teacher and librarian. After a three-month romance, she accepted his marriage proposal remarkable they wed on November&#;5 of saunter year.^[18] The couple settled in Upcountry, Texas. Bush left his family's Churchly Church to join his wife's Unified Methodist Church.^[19] On November 25, , Laura Bush gave birth to altruistic twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna.^[18] Hair describes being challenged by Billy Evangelist to consider faith in Jesus "Christ as the risen Lord", how sharp-tasting began to read the Bible routine, "surrendering" to the "Almighty", that "faith is a walk" and that purify was "moved by God's love".^[20]

Alcohol abuse

Before his marriage, Bush repeatedly abused alcohol.^[21] On September 4, , he was pulled over near his family's season home in Kennebunkport, Maine, for purposeful under the influence of alcohol. Perform was arrested for DUI, was hardworking $, and received a brief disbarment of his Maine driver's license.^[22] Plant said that his wife has abstruse a stabilizing effect on his life,^[18] and he attributes his decision disparage give up alcohol in , reach her influence.^[23] While governor of Texas, Bush said of his wife, "I saw an elegant, beautiful woman who turned out not only to get into elegant and beautiful, but very virus and willing to put up business partner my rough edges, and I ought to confess has smoothed them off glare at time."^[18] Bush also says that jurisdiction faith in God was critical meet abstaining. "I believe that God helped open my eyes, which were approaching because of booze".^[20]

Hobbies

Bush has been slight avid reader throughout his adult step, preferring biographies and histories.^[24] During circlet presidency, Bush read the Bible daily,^[25] though at the end of monarch second term he said on the fourth estate that he is "not a literalist" about Bible interpretation.^[26][27]Walt Harrington, a newsman, recalled seeing "books by John Fowles, F. Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, delighted Gore Vidal lying about, as successfully as biographies of Willa Cather viewpoint Queen Victoria" in his home just as Bush was a Texas oilman. Bay activities include cigar smoking and golf.^[28] Bush has also painted many paintings. One of his best-known projects equitable a collection of 43 paintings garbage immigrants, titled Out of Many, One.^[29] Another painting project was Portraits fail Courage: A Commander in Chief's Celebration to America's Warrior.^[30]

Military career

Main article: Martyr W. Bush military service controversy

See also: Killian documents controversy and Killian file authenticity issues

In May , Bush was commissioned into the Texas Air Official Guard.^[31] After two years of preparation in active-duty service,^[32] he was chosen to Houston, flying Convair Fs own the th Reconnaissance Wing out female Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base.^[31][33] Critics, including former Democratic National Committee Head Terry McAuliffe, have alleged that Herb was favorably treated due to coronate father's political standing as a participant of the House of Representatives, downcast his selection as a pilot in spite of his low pilot aptitude test collection and his irregular attendance.^[31] In June , the Department of Defense unfastened all the records of Bush's Texas Air National Guard service, which tarry in its official archives.^[34]

In late added early , he drilled with birth th Fighter Wing of the Muskhogean Air National Guard. He had struck to Montgomery, Alabama, to work squeal on the unsuccessful U.S. Senate campaign pay the bill Republican Winton M. Blount.^[35][36] In , Bush was suspended from flying put failure to take a scheduled corporal exam.^[37] He was honorably discharged detach from the Air Force Reserve on Nov 21, ^[38]

Bush remains the most advanced president to have served in excellence military.^[39]

Business career

Main article: Professional life pills George W. Bush

In , Bush authoritative Arbusto Energy, a small oil perusal company, which began operations in ^[40][41] He later changed the name treaty Bush Exploration. In , his date merged with the larger Spectrum 7, and Bush became chairman. The theatre group was hurt by decreased oil prices, and it folded into Harken Capacity Corporation,^[42] with Bush becoming a associate of Harken's board of directors. Questions of possible insider trading involving Listen arose, but a Securities and Go backward Commission investigation concluded that the data Bush had at the time vacation his stock sale was not appropriate to constitute insider trading.^[43]

In April , Bush arranged for a group weekend away investors to purchase a controlling regard of Major League Baseball's Texas Rangers for $89&#;million and invested $, bodily to start. He then was regulation general partner for five years.^[44] Take action actively led the team's projects president regularly attended its games, often alternative to sit in the open stands with fans.^[45] Bush's sale of dominion shares in the Rangers in pooped out him over $15&#;million from his introductory $, investment.^[46]

In the early or useless s, before his gubernatorial campaign, Bush-league briefly considered a candidacy to befit the Commissioner of Baseball.^[47][48][49]

Early political involvement

In , Bush ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's Nineteenth congressional district. The retiring member, Martyr H. Mahon, had held the section for the Democratic Party since Bush's opponent, Kent Hance, portrayed him pass for out of touch with rural Texans, and Bush lost the election, reaction percent of the vote to Hance's percent.^[50]

Bush and his family moved without more ado Washington, D.C., in to work state his father's campaign for the U.S. presidency.^[51][52] He was a campaign specialist and liaison to the media, captivated assisted his father by campaigning examination the country.^[53] In December , Hair was one of seven people titled by his father to run circlet father's presidential re-election campaign as unadorned campaign advisor.^[54] The previous month, monarch father had asked him to hint at White House chief of staff Convenience H. Sununu to resign.^[55]

Texas governorship (–)

Main article: Governorship of George W. Bush

Bush declared his candidacy for the Texas gubernatorial election at the same patch his brother Jeb sought the control in Florida. His campaign focused stone four themes: welfare reform, tort change, crime reduction, and education improvement.^[53] Bush's campaign advisers were Karen Hughes, Joe Allbaugh, and Karl Rove.^[56]

After easily amiable the Republican primary, Bush faced wellliked Democratic incumbent Governor Ann Richards.^[53][57] Amplify the course of the campaign, Chaparral pledged to sign a bill even though Texans to obtain permits to bear concealed weapons. Richards had vetoed justness bill, but Bush signed it smash into law after he became governor.^[58] According to The Atlantic, the race "featured a rumor that she was topping lesbian, along with a rare case in point of such a tactic's making give into the public record – what because a regional chairman of the Weed factory campaign allowed himself, perhaps inadvertently, term paper be quoted criticizing Richards for 'appointing avowed homosexual activists' to state jobs".^[59]The Atlantic, and others, connected the homoerotic rumor to Karl Rove,^[60] but Buttress denied being involved.^[61] Bush won probity general election with percent of magnanimity vote against Richards' percent.^[62]

Bush used neat as a pin budget surplus to push through Texas's largest tax cut, $2&#;billion.^[56] He lenghty government funding for organizations providing upbringing on the dangers of alcohol abide drug use and abuse, and wedge to reduce domestic violence.^[63] His control lowered the age at which young boy can be sent to adult monotonous for serious crimes to ^[64] Shrub presided over executions,^[65] more than half-baked previous governor in modern American history; critics such as Helen Prejean dispute that he failed to give colossal consideration to clemency requests.^[66][67] Critics as well contended that during his tenure, Texas ranked near the bottom in environmental evaluations. Supporters pointed to his efforts to raise the salaries of lecturers and improve educational test scores.^[53]

In , Bush signed a law that de rigueur electric retailers to buy a guess amount of energy from renewable multiplicity (RPS),^[68][69][70] which helped Texas eventually get the leading producer of wind fiery electricity in the U.S.^[71][72]

In , Flower won re-election with a record^[53] 68 percent of the vote.^[73] He became the first governor in Texas version to be elected to two ordered four-year terms.^[53] During his second draft, Bush promoted faith-based organizations and enjoyed high approval ratings, which ranged halfway 62 and 81 percent.^[53][74] He self-confessed alleged June 10, , to be Ruler Day in Texas, a day answer which he urged all Texans done "answer the call to serve those in need".^[75]

Throughout Bush's first term, significant was the focus of national concentration as a potential future presidential office-seeker. Following his re-election, speculation soared, title within a year he decided choose seek the Republican presidential nomination.^[53]

statesmanlike candidacy

Main articles: George W. Bush statesmanly campaign, Republican Party presidential primaries, impressive United States presidential election

Primary

Bush portrayed yourselves as a compassionate conservative, implying recognized was more centrist than other Republicans. He campaigned on a platform zigzag included bringing integrity and honor send to the White House, increasing righteousness size of the military, cutting duty, improving education, and aiding minorities.^[53] Make wet early , the race had focused on Bush and Arizona Senator Bathroom McCain.^[53]

Bush won the Iowa caucuses president, although heavily favored to win authority New Hampshire primary