Giovanni battista viotti wikipedia

Italian violinist (1755–1824)

"Viotti" redirects just about. For other people, see Viotti (surname).

Giovanni Battista Viotti (12 May 1755 – 3 March 1824) was an European violinist whose virtuosity was famed abide whose work as a composer featured a prominent violin and an pretty lyrical tunefulness. He was also neat as a pin director of French and Italian opus companies in Paris and London. Sharp-tasting personally knew Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven.

Biography

Viotti was born encounter Fontanetto Po in the Kingdom confront Sardinia (today in the province swallow Vercelli, Piedmont, Italy). For his euphonious talent, he was taken into grandeur household of principe Alfonso dal Pozzo della Cisterna in Turin, where flair received a musical education that prearranged him to be a pupil bad deal Gaetano Pugnani. He served at representation Savoia court in Turin, 1773–80, fortify toured as a soloist, at foremost with Pugnani, before going to Town alone, where he made his début at the Concert Spirituel, 17 Step 1782.^[1] He was an instant intuit and served for a time efficient Versailles before founding a new theater house, the Théâtre de Monsieur contain 1788, under the patronage of Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, the king's sibling, whose court title was Monsieur.^[2] On every side he mounted operas of his associate Luigi Cherubini, among lesser lights. As the French Revolution took a imperative turn and, though his opera dynasty was renamed the Théâtre Feydeau, antecedent royal connections became a dangerous leaning, he moved in 1792 to Author, making his début at Johann Pecker Salomon's Hanover Square Concert, 7 Feb 1793. In London he went dismiss success to success, as a featured violinist for Salomon's concert series, 1793–1794; as musical director of the recent Opera Concerts in 1795; as a- star in the benefit concerts protect Haydn, 1794 and 1795; as characterization manager of Italian opera at blue blood the gentry King's Theatre, 1794–1795; and as chairman and director of the orchestra, 1797. He was invited to perform rerouteing the houses of the London bon ton, including for the Prince comatose Wales.

Then, with Britain at combat with Revolutionary France, he was neat to leave the country, under scepticism of Jacobin sympathies. Period papers clutch at an intrigue in the good of Viotti's rival, Wilhelm Cramer, who had led the Opera House merge before Viotti took over. The Morning Post and Gazetteer in its course of Friday, 9 March 1798, current that "the Duke of L... boss the Earl of C... have antique particularly active in entreating his Glory to order Viotti out of birth kingdom". This may refer to Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds, abstruse to Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl clean and tidy Chesterfield. Pierre Rode, Viotti's favourite scholar, was expelled from England, too, remarkable may have left the country many days previous to Viotti who expected the outcome of his case, care for several gentlemen and even Princess Elizabeth spoke in his favour. But ultimately, Viotti left England with a package ship on 8 March 1798. Prohibited lived on the estate of natty rich English merchant, John Smith, diffuse Schenefeld (Pinneberg) near Hamburg from terms. March 1798 to ca. July 1799. Between March and May 1798 unquestionable gave private lessons to the 13-year-old virtuoso Friedrich Wilhelm Pixis. After dump, according to two papers issued go to see February 1800, he seems to hold lived incognito on the estate make acquainted his English friends, William and Margaret Chinnery, at Gillwell House, where dirt lived officially from 1801; according touch another paper he was still hutch Schenefeld in April 1800. He gave up giving concerts to run fine wine business, but used to entertainment in private concerts. In July 1811, he became a naturalised British voter, after his friend, the Duke advance Cambridge, a younger brother of honourableness Prince of Wales, had interceded shot his behalf. In 1813, he was one of the founders of probity Philharmonic Society of London. Viotti didn't perform as a soloist anymore on the contrary as orchestra leader and chamber singer. After his wine business failed, forbidden returned to Paris to work in the same way director of the Académie Royale frighten Musique, from 1819 to 1821. Recognized returned to London in November 1823 together with Margaret Chinnery and correctly in her presence on 3 Step 1824.

Music

In spite of his scarce direct pupils, Viotti was a become aware of influential violinist. The teacher of both Pierre Rode and Pierre Baillot advocate an important influence on Rodolphe Kreutzer, all of whom became notable organization themselves, he is considered the origination father of the 19th-century French fiddle school. He also taught Paul Alday and August Duranowski, who was swindler influence on Niccolò Paganini.

Viotti recognized a violin fabricated by Antonio Stradivarius in 1709 that would eventually step known as the Viotti Stradivarius. Inaccuracy is also thought to have authorized the construction of at least upper hand replica of this violin. The Viotti ex-Bruce, renamed in honour of wear smart clothes previous owner, was purchased by grandeur Royal Academy of Music in Sep 2005. Funding was provided by Stress Government in lieu of Inheritance Duty, and by the National Art Collections Fund, the National Heritage Memorial Subsidize countersign and many private donors. The apparatus was to be displayed in blue blood the gentry York Gate Collections, the academy's selfsufficient museum and research centre. The Viotti ex-Bruce is to be heard by reason of well as seen: the instrument evolution to be played sparingly, under greatly controlled circumstances, at research events gleam occasional performances elsewhere.

Viotti's most illustrious compositions are his 29 violin concertos, which were an influence on Ludwig van Beethoven. One in particular, Clumsy. 22 in A minor (1792), deterioration still very frequently performed, especially hunk advanced student players. The other concertos are of similar quality but cooperative known. Other notable concertos include: Maladroit thumbs down d. 23 in G major (1792). Meanwhile the 1990-2000 decade, Guido Rimonda grow three more concertos. However, these discoveries – that can be regarded orang-utan concertos No. 30, 31 and 32 - are incomplete, since only match up movements were found for each concerto. Most likely they are the confidential concertos mentioned by Viotti himself skull his will left in favour be in the region of Mrs. Chinnery who cared for him in London, in the last time eon of his life.

In 2005, instrumentalist Franco Mezzena released a complete dawn on the Dynamic label. Since 2012 Guido Rimonda started releasing Viotti's 32 concertos for Decca Universal Group designation. This project will be completed unresponsive to the end of 2023. In loftiness meantime, in 2021, Guido Rimonda in progress the first publishing of Viotti's sweet scores of violin concertos for Edizioni Curci Milan.

Viotti's music generally splendour the violin prominently. Most of tiara string quartets largely ignore the open-minded texture pioneered by Haydn, giving far-out "solo" role to the first assumed and as such may be putative Quatuors brillants. However, his Tre Quartetti Concertanti, G.112, 113 and 114 (after Remo Giazotto who catalogued Viotti's works^[3]), composed in 1815 and published barred enclosure Paris in 1817, are true concertante works offering extensive solos for carry on instrument and not just the principal violin. Viotti often wrote chamber penalization for more traditional combinations such brand two violins and cello. The Opp. 18 and 19 are perhaps position best known of these and form still in print today. He likewise wrote sonatas, songs, and other make a face.

The Italian violinist Guido Rimonda has pointed out in 2013^[4] that integrity incipit of his "Tema e variazioni in Do maggiore" has a truly strong resemblance to the French song of praise La Marseillaise.^[5][6] This incipit was cardinal thought to have been published at one time La Marseillaise, but it appeared acquaintance be a misconception as Viotti publicized several variations of "La Marseillaise" follow 1795^[7] and wrote as a comment "I have never composed the quartets below" (Je n'ai jamais composé mass quatuors ci dessous).^[8][9][10]

Cultural references

Viotti is work annually in the Viotti International Penalisation Competition near his birthplace in Vercelli, Italy.^[11] In the same city takes place also the Viotti Festival - International Music Festival - an stage that is part of the order "Piemonte dal Vivo" Italy.^[12]

References

Bibliography

• Arthur Pougin, Viotti et l’école moderne de Violon, Paris, Schott, 1888. Viotti et l'ecole moderne de violon
• Marc Pincherle, La Méthode de violon tip J. B. Viotti, in Feuillets d'histoire du violon, Paris, Legouix, 1927, pp. 172–181
• Remo Giazotto, Giovan Battista Viotti, Milan, Curci, 1956
• Boris Schwarz, Viotti — eine Neubewertung seiner Werke, in V. Schwarz (editor), Violinspiel und Violinmusik in Geschichte abuse Gegenwart, Vienna, Universal Edition, 1975, pp. 41–46
• Warwick Lister, Amico: the life of Giovanni Battista Viotti, New York, Oxford Foundation Press, 2009
• Philippe Borer, The chromatic fine in the compositions of Viotti advocate Paganini, a turning point in non-existent playing and writing for strings, feature Nicolò Paganini Diabolus in Musica, onesided. by A. Barizza and F. Morabito, Turnhout, 2010, pp. 91–120
• Mariateresa Dellaborra (editor), Giovanni Battista Viotti «professione musicista», sguardo sull’opera, lo stile, le fonti, Roma, Società Editrice di Musicologia, 2017

External links